Oklahoma CensusEdit This Page

From FamilySearch Wiki

United States   U.S. Census   Oklahoma   Census

Online Oklahoma indexes and images

Federal population schedules

Microfilm images

1860. The "Indian Lands" (Oklahoma) non-Indian population schedules are at the very end of Family History Library film 803054 (M653 roll 52) after Yell County, Arkansas. This census and a published index are available at the National Archives Southwest Region (Ft. Worth), the Oklahoma Historical Society, and the Family History Library.

Indexes: fiche, film, or book

For a list of microform and book indexes for the population schedules of Oklahoma, click here

Federal non-population schedules

Online indexes and images

Microfilm images

Many other Indian census rolls and records are located at the Family History Library.  See Oklahoma - Census in the Family History Library catalog for a list of these records. For an index also see the web site: http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/finalindex.php 

Indexes: fiche, film, or book

For a list of microform and book indexes for the non-population schedules of Oklahoma, click here.

State and territorial censuses

Oklahoma often took censuses in the years before and between the federal censuses, the dates are listed below. State census records may have columns that were different or more unusual than those found on federal censuses. The responses and years of coverage may give additional information on the family.

• 1890 territorial census. A card index is available at the Oklahoma State Historical Society. A helpful source for locating families in this census is Smith's First Directory of Oklahoma Territory: For the Year Commencing August 1st, 1890 (see the “Directories” section of this Oklahoma Wiki article)

• 1880  The Cherokee Nation 1880 census covering the Canadian, Cooweescoowee, Delaware, Flint, Going Snake, Illinois, Saline, Sequoyah and Tahlequah districts is for Indians only. This also includes census rolls of various years of Delaware Indians holding citizenship in the Cherokee Nation. FHL US/CAN Film 989204. The Cherokee Nation 1880 Indian census is indexed on the Internet at: http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/finalindex.php  This index does not include census images.
  

Historical Background

Many special censuses were taken in Oklahoma, especially censuses of Indians. For more information about these, see the State, territorial, and colonial censuses section above. For information on censuses of specific Indian Tribes, see Indians of Oklahoma.

In 1819 Arkansas Territory (including most of what is now Oklahoma) was created from the southern part of the Missouri Territory.

1820. Some general white settlememt had started in what is now the far southeast corner of Oklahoma. They were counted on the census of Miller County, Arkansas, which included parts of what is now Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. But these population schedules are lost.^[12]

In 1828 the western boundary of Arkansas was established, separating the Indian Territory (to become Oklahoma) from what had been Arkansas Territory and including part of the southern edge of what had been Missouri Territory.^[13]

At first, some white settlers departed when the area was set aside for the Indians. After Indian government proved effective, more whites began to settle in Indian Territory.

1830-1850. No other federal censuses were taken in present-day Oklahoma in 1830, 1840, or 1850.

1860. The non-Indians of what is now Oklahoma were counted in 1860 in what were called the Indian Lands of Arkansas Territory.^[14]  This census does not list Indians, but lists free and slave inhabitants in the Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole nations. The slave schedules provide the names of slave owners, but not the names of slaves.

1870. No census available.

1880. All non-Indian and most Indian schedules are lost. Only the Cherokee Indian schedules survive.^[15]

1890. The population schedules were destroyed. The special census of Civil War Union veterans and widows survives for both the Oklahoma and Indian Territories.^[16]

In addition to the federal censuses, a separate census was taken in 1890 of the Oklahoma Territory. Censuses exist for Logan, Oklahoma, Cleveland, Canadian, Kingfisher, Payne and Beaver counties. This includes information on the entire household but is incomplete for some areas. 

1900. Oklahoma was split between Indian Territory to the southeast, and Oklahoma Territory to the northwest on the 1900 census.^[17]  The following map shows modern county boundaries and the division between Indian and Oklahoma  territories.

In 1907 Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory combined to become the state of Oklahoma.

1910, 1920, and 1930. Federal censuses of Oklahoma are available, and have been indexed for each of these years.

Existing and lost censuses

For a list of available and missing Oklahoma censuses, click here.

Why use a census?

A well-indexed census is one of the easiest ways to locate where an ancestor's family lived and when they lived there. You can also use censuses to follow the changes in a family over time, and identify neighbors. These and other clues provided by censuses are important because they help find additional kinds of records about the family.

More about censuses

Click here for additional details about how to use censuses, such as:

• index searching tips
• analyzing and using what you find
• census accuracy
• historical background
• contents of various census years and types

Sources and footnotes

• This page was last modified on 7 May 2012, at 23:30.
• This page has been accessed 12,727 times.